Government-issued inflation-linked bonds (ILBs) are fixed-income securities whose principal value is changed monthly according to the rate of inflation; ILBs lose value when real interest rates rise. Is it a good time to buy inflation-linked bonds? I Bonds are financial instruments that have very specific regulations, attributes, and predicted yields and returns. Understanding these should […]
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In the third quarter of 2020, real GDP increased in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the United States’ overall real GDP expanded at a rate of 33.4 percent each year. The annual growth rate of real GDP in each state ranged from 19.2 percent in
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Stock index futures, such as the S&P 500 E-mini Futures (ES), reflect expectations for a stock index’s price at a later date, based on dividends and interest rates. Index futures are two-party agreements that are considered a zero-sum game because when one party wins, the other loses, and there is no net wealth transfer. While
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Multiplying by 100 produces a beautiful round value, which is useful for reporting. To calculate real GDP, however, the nominal GDP is divided by the price index multiplied by 100. The price index is set at 100 for the base year to make comparisons easier. Prices were often lower prior to the base year, so
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Between 2016 and 2022, the average inflation rate of 2.83 percent will compound. As previously stated, this yearly inflation rate adds up to an overall price difference of 18.21% after 6 years. To put this inflation into context, if we had invested $100 in the S&P 500 index in 2016, our investment would now be
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Change: The difference between the current trading session’s closing price and the previous trading session’s closing price. This is frequently expressed as a monetary value (the price) as well as a percentage value. 52-Week High/Low: The contract’s highest and lowest prices in the last 52 weeks. Each futures contract has a unique name/code that describes
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Inflation is defined as a positive difference between nominal and real GDP, whereas deflation is defined as a negative difference. In other words, inflation occurs when the nominal value exceeds the real value, and deflation occurs when the real value exceeds the notional value. Is nominal GDP always higher than actual GDP? As a result,
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Expansionary fiscal policy boosts aggregate demand by increasing government expenditure or lowering tax rates. Expansionary policy can achieve this by: (1) increasing consumption by increasing disposable income through personal income tax or payroll tax cuts; (2) increasing investment spending by increasing after-tax profits through business tax cuts; and (3) increasing government purchases by increasing federal
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Buying a home during a recession will, on average, earn you a better deal. As the number of foreclosures and owners forced to sell to stay afloat rises, more homes become available on the market, resulting in reduced housing prices. Because this recession is unlike any other, every buyer will be in a unique position
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Bonds’ deadliest enemy is inflation. The purchasing power of a bond’s future cash flows is eroded by inflation. Bonds are typically fixed-rate investments. Inflation (or rising prices) reduces the return on a bond in real terms, which means adjusted for inflation. When a bond pays a 4% yield and inflation is 3%, the bond’s real
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