Over $22 trillion of the national debt is held by the general populace. 1 A substantial amount of the public debt is held by foreign governments, with the remainder held by American banks and investors, the Federal Reserve, state and local governments, mutual funds, pension funds, insurance companies, and savings bonds.
Who do we owe our national debt to?
Who did we borrow money from to meet our annual bills? Around $5.6 trillion of the debt is owing to the country’s large institutional investors. That is to say:
These investors have agreed to lend us money in exchange for us promising to repay them with interest.
A third of the debt is owing to foreign governments, amounting to nearly $5.5 trillion. These countries, like our domestic investors, lent us money in exchange for our pledge to repay them according to the terms of our agreements. We owe each other more than $1 trillion in debt, and China and Japan are the top holders of American debt.
We owed ourselves the final third, around $5 trillion. It’s money borrowed from various government trust funds that have surpluses and aren’t part of the general revenue stream, such as Social Security, Medicare, retirement and pension funds, highway and airport accounts, unemployment and deposit insurance, and so on.
Who owes the most debt in the world?
What countries have the world’s largest debt? The top 10 countries with the largest national debt are listed below:
With a population of 127,185,332, Japan holds the world’s biggest national debt, accounting for 234.18 percent of GDP, followed by Greece (181.78 percent). The national debt of Japan is presently $1,028 trillion ($9.087 trillion USD). After Japan’s stock market plummeted, the government bailed out banks and insurance businesses by providing low-interest loans. After a period of time, banking institutions had to be consolidated and nationalized, and other fiscal stimulus measures were implemented to help the faltering economy get back on track. Unfortunately, these initiatives resulted in a massive increase in Japan’s debt.
The national debt of China now stands at 54.44 percent of GDP, up from 41.54 percent in 2014. China’s national debt currently stands at more than 38 trillion yuan ($5 trillion USD). According to a 2015 assessment by the International Monetary Fund, China’s debt is comparatively modest, and many economists have rejected concerns about the debt’s size, both overall and in relation to China’s GDP. With a population of 1,415,045,928 people, China currently possesses the world’s greatest economy and population.
At 19.48 percent of GDP, Russia has one of the lowest debt ratios in the world. Russia is the world’s tenth least indebted country. The overall debt of Russia is currently about 14 billion y ($216 billion USD). The majority of Russia’s external debt is held by private companies.
The national debt of Canada is currently 83.81 percent of GDP. The national debt of Canada is presently over $1.2 trillion CAD ($925 billion USD). Following the 1990s, Canada’s debt decreased gradually until 2010, when it began to rise again.
Germany’s debt to GDP ratio is at 59.81 percent. The entire debt of Germany is estimated to be around 2.291 trillion € ($2.527 trillion USD). Germany has the largest economy in Europe.
How much debt is Canada in?
The obligations of the government sector in Canada are referred to as “government debt” or “public debt.” The market value of financial liabilities, or gross debt, for the consolidated Canadian general government in 2020 (the fiscal year ending 31 March 2021) was $2,852 billion ($74,747 per capita) (federal, provincial, territorial, and local governments combined). In 2020, gross debt as a percentage of GDP was 129.2 percent (GDP was $2,207 billion), the highest amount ever recorded. The federal government’s debt accounted for about half of all debt, or 66.4 percent of GDP. The large deficits ($325 billion) generated to support multiple relief measures, particularly in the form of transfers to people and subsidies to businesses during the COVID-19 epidemic, drove the increase in debt in 2020.
The impact of historical government deficits is mostly reflected in changes in government debt over time.
When government spending surpasses revenue, a deficit occurs.
Because the beneficiaries of the goods and services provided by the government today through deficit financing are typically different from those who will be responsible for repaying the debt in the future, deficit financing usually results in an intergenerational transfer.
(Borrowing for a one-time purchase of an asset that supplies commodities and services in the future that are matched to the loan repayment expenses, for example, issuing debt today that is repaid over 50 years to finance a bridge that lasts 50 years, would not result in an intergenerational transfer.)
How much debt is OK?
Lenders employ a uniform method to evaluate when debt becomes an issue, regardless of whether you make $1,000 per week or $1,000 per hour. It’s known as the debt-to-income ratio (DTI), and the formula is straightforward: recurring monthly debt minus gross monthly income equals debt-to-income ratio. It’s expressed as a percentage, and in general, you want it to be less than 35 percent.
Your regular monthly debt includes things like your mortgage (or rent), car payment, credit cards, student loans, and any other payments that are due on a monthly basis.
Your gross monthly income is the amount you earn before taxes, insurance, Social Security, and other deductions are deducted from your paycheck.
Assume you pay $1,000 per month on your mortgage, $500 per month on your auto loan, $1,000 per month on credit cards, and $500 per month on school loans. So your total monthly recurring debt is $3,000?
The immediate inference is that you drive a great car, but that is irrelevant to our conversation. What matters is your gross monthly revenue of $6,000 per month. Let’s get down to business.
Recurring debt ($3,000) divided by gross monthly income ($6,000) equals 0.50, or 50%, which is not a favorable ratio.
You’ll have a hard time securing a mortgage if your DTI is higher than 43%. A DTI of 36 percent is considered acceptable by most lenders, but they want to lend you money, so they’re willing to make an exception.
A DTI of more than 35 percent, according to many financial gurus, indicates that you have too much debt. Others push the limits to the 36 percent-49 percent range. The truth is that, while DTI is a useful measure, there is no single indicator that debt would lead to financial ruin.
Use our Do I Have Too Much Debt Calculator to see what percentage of your monthly income goes to credit card debt and mortgage payments, as well as how much money is left over to pay your other expenses.
Why does America owe so much?
The overall federal financial obligation owing to the public and intragovernmental departments is known as the US debt. The US national debt is so large because Congress continues to spend money on deficits while also cutting taxes.
Which country owes the US the most money?
Important Points to Remember
- Public debt, which includes Treasury securities, accounts for around three-quarters of the government’s debt.
- As of April 2020, Japan was the largest foreign holder of public US government debt, with $1.266 trillion in debt.
How Much Does China owe the US?
Ownership of US Debt is Broken Down China owns around $1.1 trillion in US debt, which is somewhat more than Japan. Whether you’re an American retiree or a Chinese bank, you should consider investing in American debt.
What happens if United States defaults on debt?
The government will be unable to borrow extra funds to meet its obligations, including interest payments to bondholders, unless Congress suspends or raises the debt ceiling. That would very certainly result in a default.
Investors who own U.S. debt, such as pension funds and banks, may go bankrupt. Hundreds of millions of Americans and hundreds of businesses that rely on government assistance might be harmed. The value of the dollar may plummet, and the US economy would almost certainly slip back into recession.
And that’s only the beginning. The dollar’s unique status as the world’s primary “unit of account,” implying that it is widely used in global finance and trade, could be jeopardized. Americans would be unable to sustain their current standard of living without this position.
A US default would trigger a chain of events, including a sinking dollar and rising inflation, that, in my opinion, would lead to the dollar’s demise as a global unit of account.
All of this would make it far more difficult for the United States to afford all of the goods it buys from other countries, lowering Americans’ living standards.
What country has the most money?
- With 326.7 million inhabitants, the United States3 is at the top of the list, with a disposable income per capita of $53,122.
- Luxembourg, a small country with a population of over 608,000 people, has $47,138 in disposable income per capita in 2018, placing it second in the world.
