If rising inflation persists, it will almost certainly lead to higher interest rates, therefore investors should think about how to effectively position their portfolios if this happens. Despite enormous budget deficits and cheap interest rates, the economy spent much of the 2010s without high sustained inflation.
If you expect inflation to continue, it may be a good time to borrow, as long as you can avoid being directly exposed to it. What is the explanation for this? You’re effectively repaying your loan with cheaper dollars in the future if you borrow at a fixed interest rate. It gets even better if you use certain types of debt to invest in assets like real estate that are anticipated to appreciate over time.
Here are some of the best inflation hedges you may use to reduce the impact of inflation.
TIPS
TIPS, or Treasury inflation-protected securities, are a good strategy to preserve your government bond investment if inflation is expected to accelerate. TIPS are U.S. government bonds that are indexed to inflation, which means that if inflation rises (or falls), so will the effective interest rate paid on them.
TIPS bonds are issued in maturities of 5, 10, and 30 years and pay interest every six months. They’re considered one of the safest investments in the world because they’re backed by the US federal government (just like other government debt).
Floating-rate bonds
Bonds typically have a fixed payment for the duration of the bond, making them vulnerable to inflation on the broad side. A floating rate bond, on the other hand, can help to reduce this effect by increasing the dividend in response to increases in interest rates induced by rising inflation.
ETFs or mutual funds, which often possess a diverse range of such bonds, are one way to purchase them. You’ll gain some diversity in addition to inflation protection, which means your portfolio may benefit from lower risk.
Are bonds protected against inflation?
The investment thesis of I Bonds is both simple and effective. I Bonds provide investors a substantial, above-average, inflation-protected dividend yield of 7.12 percent with virtually no risk. This is a very strong risk-return profile, far outperforming all other relevant fixed-income sub-asset classes. Although I believe the evidence speaks for itself, readers may find a brief table useful.
I Bonds, as seen above, currently yield more than all comparable fixed-income sub-asset classes, with almost little risk and inflation protection. It’s highly rare for an asset class to outperform relevant alternatives by such a wide margin, but that’s exactly what I Bonds are doing right now. These securities offer larger returns than high-yield corporate bonds while also being as safe as a savings account or a certificate of deposit, which is a winning combination.
I Bonds are also far safer and yield more than the vast bulk of US stocks. The S&P 500, for example, currently yields 1.30 percent and is down 7.3 percent year to far, whereas I Bonds yield 7.12 percent and have suffered / will experience 0% capital losses. I Bonds provide investors with two distinct advantages over equities.
As a result, and in my opinion, I Bonds are excellent investment options, especially for income investors and retirees. Investors should spend their whole allotment in I Bonds because they won’t get a better deal anywhere else.
What is the most common inflation hedge?
When the dollar loses value due to inflation, gold, for example, tends to become more expensive. As a result, an owner of gold is protected (or hedged) against a declining dollar since, as inflation rises and the value of the currency erodes, the cost of each ounce of gold in dollars rises. As a result, the investor gets compensated for the inflation by receiving more dollars per ounce of gold.
What makes bonds such a good inflation hedge?
Fixed-income assets can be harmed by inflation, which reduces their purchasing power and reduces their real returns over time. Even if the pace of inflation is moderate, this can happen. If you have a portfolio that returns 9% and the inflation rate is 3%, your real returns will be around 6%. Because they increase in value during inflationary periods, inflation-index-linked bonds can help to mitigate inflation risk.
What do bonds protect you from?
A 60/40 stock/bond portfolio is a simple investment strategy that can help you buffer against inflation, but keep in mind that it will underperform an all-equity portfolio over time due to compounding interest effects.
Will bond prices rise in 2022?
In 2022, interest rates may rise, and a bond ladder is one option for investors to mitigate the risk. Existing bond prices tend to fall as interest rates (or yields) rise, as new bond yields appear more appealing in contrast.
When inflation rises, what happens to bonds?
Most individuals are aware that inflation raises the cost of their food and depreciates the worth of their money. In reality, inflation impacts every aspect of the economy, and it can eat into your investment returns over time.
What is inflation?
Inflation is the gradual increase in the average cost of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics, which compiles data to construct the Consumer Price Index, measures it (CPI). The CPI measures the general rise in the price of consumer goods and services by tracking the cost of products such as fuel, food, clothing, and automobiles over time.
The cost of living, as measured by the CPI, increased by 7% in 2021.
1 This translates to a 7% year-over-year increase in prices. This means that a car that costs $20,000 in 2020 will cost $21,400 in 2021.
Inflation is heavily influenced by supply and demand. When demand for a good or service increases, and supply for that same good or service decreases, prices tend to rise. Many factors influence supply and demand on a national and worldwide level, including the cost of commodities and labor, income and goods taxes, and loan availability.
According to Rob Haworth, investment strategy director at U.S. Bank, “we’re currently seeing challenges in the supply chain of various items as a result of pandemic-related economic shutdowns.” This has resulted in pricing imbalances and increased prices. For example, due to a lack of microchips, the supply of new cars has decreased dramatically during the last year. As a result, demand for old cars is increasing. Both new and used car prices have risen as a result of these reasons.
Read a more in-depth study of the present economic environment’s impact on inflation from U.S. Bank investment strategists.
Indicators of rising inflation
There are three factors that can cause inflation, which is commonly referred to as reflation.
- Monetary policies of the Federal Reserve (Fed), including interest rates. The Fed has pledged to maintain interest rates low for the time being. This may encourage low-cost borrowing, resulting in increased economic activity and demand for goods and services.
- Oil prices, in particular, have been rising. Oil demand is intimately linked to economic activity because it is required for the production and transportation of goods. Oil prices have climbed in recent months, owing to increased economic activity and demand, as well as tighter supply. Future oil price rises are anticipated to be moderated as producer supply recovers to meet expanding demand.
- Reduced reliance on imported goods and services is known as regionalization. The pursuit of the lowest-cost manufacturer has been the driving force behind the outsourcing of manufacturing during the last decade. As companies return to the United States, the cost of manufacturing, including commodities and labor, is expected to rise, resulting in inflation.
Future results will be influenced by the economic recovery and rising inflation across asset classes. Investors should think about how it might affect their investment strategies, says Haworth.
How can inflation affect investments?
When inflation rises, assets with fixed, long-term cash flows perform poorly because the purchasing value of those future cash payments decreases over time. Commodities and assets with changeable cash flows, such as property rental income, on the other hand, tend to fare better as inflation rises.
Even if you put your money in a savings account with a low interest rate, inflation can eat away at your savings.
In theory, your earnings should stay up with inflation while you’re working. Inflation reduces your purchasing power when you’re living off your savings, such as in retirement. In order to ensure that you have enough assets to endure throughout your retirement years, you must consider inflation into your retirement funds.
Fixed income instruments, such as bonds, treasuries, and CDs, are typically purchased by investors who want a steady stream of income in the form of interest payments. However, because most fixed income assets have the same interest rate until maturity, the buying power of interest payments decreases as inflation rises. As a result, as inflation rises, bond prices tend to fall.
The fact that most bonds pay fixed interest, or coupon payments, is one explanation. Inflation reduces the present value of a bond’s future fixed cash payments by eroding the buying power of its future (fixed) coupon income. Accelerating inflation is considerably more damaging to longer-term bonds, due to the cumulative effect of decreasing buying power for future cash flows.
Riskier high yield bonds often produce greater earnings, and hence have a larger buffer than their investment grade equivalents when inflation rises, says Haworth.
Stocks have outperformed inflation over the previous 30 years, according to a study conducted by the US Bank Asset Management Group.
2 Revenues and earnings should, in theory, increase at the same rate as inflation. This means your stock’s price should rise in lockstep with consumer and producer goods prices.
In the past 30 years, when inflation has accelerated, U.S. stocks have tended to climb in price, though the association has not been very strong.
Larger corporations have a stronger association with inflation than mid-sized corporations, while mid-sized corporations have a stronger relationship with inflation than smaller corporations. When inflation rose, foreign stocks in developed nations tended to fall in value, while developing market stocks had an even larger negative link.
In somewhat rising inflation conditions, larger U.S. corporate equities may bring some benefit, says Haworth. However, in more robust inflation settings, they are not the most successful investment tool.
According to a study conducted by the US Bank Asset Management Group, real assets such as commodities and real estate have a positive link with inflation.
Commodities have shown to be a dependable approach to hedge against rising inflation in the past. Inflation is calculated by following the prices of goods and services that frequently contain commodities, as well as products that are closely tied to commodities. Oil and other energy-related commodities have a particularly strong link to inflation (see above). When inflation accelerates, industrial and precious metals prices tend to rise as well.
Commodities, on the other hand, have significant disadvantages, argues Haworth. They are more volatile than other asset types, provide no income, and have historically underperformed stocks and bonds over longer periods of time.
As it comes to real estate, when the price of products and services rises, property owners can typically increase rent payments, which can lead to increased profits and investor payouts.
What investments do well in the face of inflation?
According to the calculation on fintech site SmartAsset, even at 3% yearly inflation, you’d need $181 in 20 years to match what $100 buys today.
“Many investors have never seen inflation like we have in the previous few months,” said Naveen Malwal, an institutional portfolio manager at Boston-based financial giant Fidelity Investments. “It may be a good moment to examine your portfolio and confirm whether you still feel confident.”
After all, some asset types do better during periods of increased inflation. According to a Wells Fargo study, oil (41 percent return) outperformed 15 main asset classes during inflationary periods since 2000, followed by emerging markets stocks (18 percent), gold (16 percent), and cyclical stocks (16 percent).
On the other hand, there were a few bond classifications. Fixed income from emerging markets performed poorly, returning -8 percent, while investment-grade fixed income returned -5 percent.
Inflation will moderate from current hot levels, according to economists. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s Survey of Professional Forecasters, the Consumer Price Index will average 2.55 percent yearly during the next ten years.
“Look at what’s driving inflation: there’s too much money chasing too few products,” Scott Wren, senior global market strategist at Wells Fargo Investment Institute, said.
“There is an increase in money supply, transfer payments that boost savings, and supply chain disruption.” We should see some softening before the end of the year, and all of this will improve the inflation story.”
Which investment areas are likely to benefit from growing prices, and which are unlikely? Here’s what experts have to say:
During periods of high inflation, the value of your cash assets will decrease over time, possibly significantly.
With indexes like the Nasdaq (.IXIC) approaching correction territory, now could be a good moment to start putting that money to work and accumulating tougher assets that will hold up through periods of rising inflation.
Inflation has a negative impact on fixed income markets. When prices and interest rates are rising, a bond that pays a rock-bottom yield for an extended period is a poor choice.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), whose principal rises with inflation and pays interest twice a year at a fixed rate, are the answer.
“That’s one method to stay invested in the bond market, and they’re designed to protect you against inflation,” Malwal explained.
While there are no guarantees when it comes to investing, prior success during inflationary periods can provide some insight.
“Commodities do better in higher-inflation circumstances,” said Wren of Wells Fargo. “Same goes for mid- and small-cap stocks.” The energy business is usually profitable, and equity REITs are no exception (real estate investment trusts). Financials, industrials, and materials, I believe, will all profit.”
Expect inflation to remain uncomfortably high for the foreseeable future. Minor portfolio adjustments may be necessary, but total changes are almost always a bad idea.
Inflation is expected to fall in 2022 as supply chain issues fade, labor markets recover, and COVID-related emergency financial infusions fade.
“Most people believe we’re on our way down.” “The question is how much lower we can go and how long it will take,” said Fidelity’s Malwal. “By the end of the year, it could be closer to 3-4 percent.”
Are diamonds a good inflation hedge?
Diamonds are frequently used as a low-volatility inflation hedge. Diamond prices are three times less volatile than silver prices, two times less volatile than iron ore prices, and 1.5 times less volatile than gold prices, according to a 2014 Bain & Co. Diamond Report.
Is purchasing gold a decent inflation hedge?
Gold is a proven long-term inflation hedge, but its short-term performance is less impressive. Despite this, our research demonstrates that gold can be an important part of an inflation-hedging portfolio.
How will you protect yourself from inflation in 2022?
During the epidemic, there was a surge in demand for products and labor, resulting in the fastest rate of consumer price and wage inflation since the early 1990s. As the pandemic passes and spending moves toward services rather than products, we believe inflation will reduce due to greater labor supply. In the end, it should not jeopardize our base case scenario, which predicts a significantly more vibrant cycle in the 2020s than we experienced in the 2010s.
However, both prices and salaries are expected to rise at a pretty rapid pace. We believe there are three ways for investors to navigate this climate.
Look to real estate for inflation protection
Because leases are regularly reset higher, real estate investors often profit from a natural inflation hedge. Furthermore, we believe the residential and industrial real estate sectors will benefit from strong structural tailwinds. Following the global financial crisis, chronic underbuilding (compared to trend) resulted in a housing shortage in the United States. Workers’ labor is in high demand, and earnings are rising, ensuring that housing remains cheap even as home prices rise. Migration enabled by remote work is also offering opportunities.
The global trend toward e-commerce will demand additional warehouses, storage, and logistics in the industrial sector. The need for further investment is highlighted by problems in the global supply chain that became apparent in 2021. We’re also seeing an increase in demand for life science research facilities. While we prefer to invest in real estate through private markets, publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) have outperformed other equities sectors during periods of rising inflation. In a nutshell, real estate is our favourite option to invest in a higher-inflation climate.
Rely on equities, especially cyclical ones, to drive capital appreciation.
While economists dispute the complexities of inflation, the fundamental principles underlying the current phase appear to be clear: Strong demand and economic growth are driving inflation. Because corporate earnings are also good in inflationary settings, equities tend to do well. We anticipate that stocks of companies that are more closely linked to economic activity and interest rates will likely outperform. Bank stock valuations, for example, have generally been linked to inflation forecasts. In cyclical industries like industrials and commodities, companies with pricing power could see strong revenue increases. Stocks that do well when growth and inflation are rare (think the digital economy) may, on the other hand, be at more risk. In our opinion, you should maintain a fair balance between the two categories, and expect a hard environment for fixed income portfolios as interest rates climb.
Avoid excess cash, and consider borrowing.
In our Long-Term Capital Market Assumptions, 80 percent of the assets we consider have a higher predicted return than inflation. Investing surplus cash in a portfolio that meets your goals and time horizon is the simplest approach to protect purchasing power. Borrowing may be prudent in the current situation. Interest rates remain low, particularly when compared to inflation. A mortgage is a straightforward approach to profit from a healthy home market. If the Federal Reserve reacts to rising inflation by boosting interest rates, borrowing expenses may become less appealing.
Key takeaways
Higher inflation is likely to persist through 2022, but it does not have to be a reason for alarm. Investors can create a portfolio that considers inflation risks and attempts to manage them. While excess cash appears unappealing, relying on equities rather than fixed income and focusing on cyclical sectors and real estate could prove to be profitable strategies. Meanwhile, while policy interest rates are still low, borrowing and settling existing liabilities may be prudent.
In the context of your individual circumstances and aspirations, your J.P. Morgan team can provide you with more information on how the present environment is influencing risk and return possibilities.