All private and public consumption, government outlays, investments, additions to private inventories, paid-in building expenses, and the foreign balance of trade are all factored into a country’s GDP calculation. (The value of exports is added to the value of imports, and the value of imports is deducted.)
What makes up the US Gross Domestic Product?
Personal consumption, business investment, government spending, and net exports are the four components of GDP domestic product. 1 This reveals what a country excels at producing. The gross domestic product (GDP) is the overall economic output of a country for a given year. It’s the same as how much money is spent in that economy.
What is the most significant contributor to the US economy?
1. Medical care
- Online shops like Amazon (AMZN) and eBay (EBAY), as well as brick-and-mortar stores, are part of the sector.
- According to the Federal Reserve, non-durable manufacturing is a major pillar in the United States, accounting for 4.8 percent of national GDP.
Where does the United States’ Gross Domestic Product come from?
The following is a summary of the key numbers as well as some (my own) findings, however the reader is free to form his or her own conclusions.
The data in the table below is summarized. See the Excel doc in this link for the complete data.
The importance of every Industry
- Goods-producing industries make for 20% of GDP, while service industries account for the remaining 67%.
- There are 72 industries in the list, divided into 14 groups (presented in the table). None of the industries account for more than 5% of the GDP. My judgment is that the US GDP diversification is significant.
- Between 2009 and 2013, the percentage importance of each industry in the GDP remained constant. There are no clear winners or losers in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2009.
Industries that grew from 2009 to 2013
- Agriculture (95 percent nominal growth in four years) and mining were the fastest-growing industries (58 percent ). Nonetheless, its share of US GDP is still insignificant (less than 5 percent of the GDP).
- Manufacturing (21 percent), wholesale trade (21 percent), transportation and warehousing (23 percent), and professional and business services (23 percent) all expanded at around 21% (equal to 5% each year in nominal terms) (21 percent ).
- Except for construction, all other industries expanded by roughly 15%. (equivalent to 3 percent per year).
- Construction (which grew at a rate of 6% to 1% per year) and other services were the sole laggards.
- My view is that the US economy as a whole has achieved strong growth. The economy’s growth is not dependent on just a few industries.
Who contributed to the growth of the US Economy?
Between 2009 and 2013, the US GDP increased by 17%, a tremendous rate of growth equivalent to 4% per year (in nominal terms). It climbed by 2.26 billion from 14.4 billion to 16.8 billion. Let’s take a look at which industries contributed the most to this increase, based on their size and growth rate. See the table above, column 5.
- Financial and real estate services (which accounted for 18 percent of overall GDP growth in dollars), professional services (15 percent), and manufacturing accounted for nearly half of the growth (also 15 percent ).
- All other industries, on the other hand, had an impact on GDP growth because they all grew.
- My conclusion is that the US economy is performing well because all of the carriages are pulling the train together, not because some industries are driving the engine.
What are GDP’s four components?
The most generally used technique for determining GDP is the expenditure method, which is a measure of the economy’s output created inside a country’s borders regardless of who owns the means of production. The GDP is estimated using this method by adding all of the expenditures on final goods and services. Consumption by families, investment by enterprises, government spending on goods and services, and net exports, which are equal to exports minus imports of goods and services, are the four primary aggregate expenditures that go into calculating GDP.
How much debt does America have?
“Parties in power have built up the deficit through increased spending and poorer tax collection, regardless of political affiliation,” says Brian Rehling, head of Global Fixed Income Strategy at Wells Fargo Investment Institute.
While it’s easy to suggest that a specific president or president’s administration led the federal deficit and national debt to move in a given direction, it’s crucial to remember that only Congress has the power to pass legislation that has the greatest impact on both figures.
Here’s how Congress responded during four major presidential administrations, and how their decisions affected the deficit and national debt.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
FDR served as the country’s last four-term president, guiding the country through a series of economic downturns. His administration spanned the Great Depression, and his flagship New Deal economic recovery plan aided America’s rebound from its financial abyss. The expense of World War II, however, contributed nearly $186 billion to the national debt between 1942 and 1945, making it the greatest substantial rise to the national debt. During FDR’s presidency, Congress added $236 billion to the national debt, a rise of 1,048 percent.
Ronald Reagan
Congress passed two major tax cuts during Reagan’s two administrations, the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and the Tax Reform Act of 1986, both of which reduced government income. Between 1982 and 1990, Congress passed Acts that reduced revenue as a percentage of GDP by 1.7 percent, resulting in a revenue shortfall that contributed to the national debt rising 261 percent ($1.26 trillion) during his presidency, from $924.6 billion to $2.19 trillion.
Barack Obama
The Obama administration oversaw both the Great Recession and the recovery that followed the collapse of the mortgage market throughout his two years in office. The Economic Stimulus Act of 2009, which pumped $831 billion into the economy and helped many Americans avoid foreclosure, was passed by Congress in 2009. When passed by a strong bipartisan vote, congressional tax cuts added extra $858 billion to the national debt. During Obama’s two terms in office, Congress increased the national deficit by 74% and added $8.6 trillion to the national debt.
Donald Trump
Congress approved the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017, slashing corporate and personal income tax rates, during his single term. The cuts, which were seen as a bonanza for the wealthiest Americans and corporations at the time of their passage, were expected by the Congressional Budget Office to increase the government deficit by $1.9 trillion at the time of their passing.
The federal deficit climbed from $665 billion in 2017 to $3.13 trillion in 2020, despite the Treasury Secretary’s prediction that the tax cuts would reduce it. Some of the rise was due to tax cuts, but the majority of the increase was due to successive Covid relief programs.
The public’s share of the federal debt has risen from $14.6 trillion in 2017 to more than $21 trillion in 2020. The national debt is made up of public debt and intragovernmental debt (amounts owed to federal retirement trust funds such as the Social Security Trust Fund). It refers to the amount of money owed by the United States to external debtors such as American banks and investors, corporations, people, state and municipal governments, the Federal Reserve, and foreign governments and international investors such as Japan and China. The money is borrowed in order to keep the United States running. Treasury banknotes, notes, and bonds are included. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), US savings bonds, and state and local government series securities are among the other holders of public debt.
“The national debt is growing at a rate it hasn’t seen in decades,” says James Cassel, chairman and co-founder of Cassel Salpeter, an investment bank. “This is the outcome of the basic principle of spending more money than you earn.” Cassel also points out that while both major political parties have spoken seriously about reducing the national debt at times, discussions and strategies have stopped.
When both sides pose discussing raising the debt ceiling each year, the national debt is more typically utilized as a bargaining chip. The United States would default on its debt obligations if the debt ceiling was not raised. As a result, Congress always votes to raise the debt ceiling (the maximum amount of money the US government may borrow), but only after parties have reached an agreement on other legislation.
What will be the GDP in 2021?
In addition to updated fourth-quarter projections, today’s announcement includes revised third-quarter 2021 wages and salaries, personal taxes, and government social insurance contributions, all based on new data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program. Wages and wages climbed by $306.8 billion in the third quarter, up $27.7 billion from the previous estimate. With the addition of this new statistics, real gross domestic income is now anticipated to have climbed 6.4 percent in the third quarter, a 0.6 percentage point gain over the prior estimate.
GDP for 2021
In 2021, real GDP climbed by 5.7 percent, unchanged from the previous estimate (from the 2020 annual level to the 2021 annual level), compared to a 3.4 percent fall in 2020. (table 1). In 2021, all major components of real GDP increased, led by PCE, nonresidential fixed investment, exports, residential fixed investment, and private inventory investment. Imports have risen (table 2).
PCE increased as both products and services increased in value. “Other” nondurable items (including games and toys as well as medications), apparel and footwear, and recreational goods and automobiles were the major contributors within goods. Food services and accommodations, as well as health care, were the most significant contributors to services. Increases in equipment (dominated by information processing equipment) and intellectual property items (driven by software as well as research and development) partially offset a reduction in structures in nonresidential fixed investment (widespread across most categories). The rise in exports was due to an increase in products (mostly non-automotive capital goods), which was somewhat offset by a drop in services (led by travel as well as royalties and license fees). The increase in residential fixed investment was primarily due to the development of new single-family homes. An increase in wholesale commerce led to an increase in private inventory investment (mainly in durable goods industries).
In 2021, current-dollar GDP climbed by 10.1 percent (revised), or $2.10 trillion, to $23.00 trillion, compared to 2.2 percent, or $478.9 billion, in 2020. (tables 1 and 3).
In 2021, the price index for gross domestic purchases climbed 3.9 percent, which was unchanged from the previous forecast, compared to 1.2 percent in 2020. (table 4). Similarly, the PCE price index grew 3.9 percent, which was unchanged from the previous estimate, compared to a 1.2 percent gain. With food and energy prices excluded, the PCE price index grew 3.3 percent, unchanged from the previous estimate, compared to 1.4 percent.
Real GDP grew 5.6 (revised) percent from the fourth quarter of 2020 to the fourth quarter of 2021 (table 6), compared to a fall of 2.3 percent from the fourth quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2020.
From the fourth quarter of 2020 to the fourth quarter of 2021, the price index for gross domestic purchases climbed 5.6 percent (revised), compared to 1.4 percent from the fourth quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The PCE price index grew 5.5 percent, unchanged from the previous estimate, versus a 1.2 percent increase. The PCE price index grew 4.6 percent excluding food and energy, which was unchanged from the previous estimate, compared to 1.4 percent.
What makes the American economy so powerful?
The United States is a mature market economy with the biggest nominal GDP and net wealth in the world. After China, it has the second-largest purchasing power parity (PPP) economy. In 2021, it had the ninth highest nominal per capita GDP and the fifteenth highest PPP per capita GDP in the world. The United States possesses the world’s most technologically advanced and innovative economy. Its companies are on the cutting edge of technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence, computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military technology. The United States dollar is the most widely used currency in international transactions and the world’s most important reserve currency, supported by its economy, military, petrodollar system, and enormous U.S. treasury market. It is the official money of certain countries and the de facto currency of others. China, the European Union, Canada, Mexico, India, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Taiwan are the top trading partners of the United States. The United States is the world’s top importer and exporter. It has free trade agreements in place or in the works with a number of nations, including the USMCA, Australia, South Korea, Switzerland, Israel, and others.
Natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity drive the economy of the country. With a total estimated value of Int$45 billion, it is the seventh most valuable country in terms of natural resources.
What contribution does California provide to the US economy?
California leads the nation in the production of fruits, vegetables, wines, and nuts, making agriculture one of the most important aspects of the state’s economy. Cannabis, nuts, grapes, cotton, flowers, and oranges are the state’s most valuable crops. California produces the majority of domestic wine in the United States. Dairy products provide for the largest portion of farm income. The great productivity of California’s fields is due to fertile soil, a lengthy growing season, the adoption of modern agricultural practices, and substantial irrigation. Irrigation is essential because the long, dry summers prevent most crops from growing here; as a result, California Indians had essentially no agriculture. To meet California’s large irrigation needs, extensive and costly irrigation systems such as furrow “gravity” irrigation, sprinkler, and drip irrigation systems have been designed. Because firms face significant pressure to control labor costs by employing unlawful means to harvest California’s large crops, illegal immigration to the United States has traditionally been lured to the state.
Because of California’s location on the Pacific coast and its fast rising population, huge seaports in the San Francisco Bay area and inland ports in Sacramento, among other places, were built. The SS California, the first paddle steamer, landed at San Francisco on February 29, 1849, with over 400 people attempting to reach gold rush zone. She left New York City on October 6, 1848, before the gold discoveries had been confirmed and the gold rush had begun in earnest. Offloading cargo and people onto paddle steamers for transportation up the Sacramento River to Sacramento, Stockton, and other destinations was how passengers and freight were transported to Sacramento. Ports were developed up and down the California coast as the population grew, with significant ports in Long Beach, Los Angeles, and San Diego. San Diego presently has the largest US naval base on the west coast. (For more detail, see California’s Maritime History.) The state’s shipping sector grew to service the rising international trade with South America, Asia, and Oceania by transporting freight from California to Europe and the eastern United States. Several military sites and wartime businesses were soon created in the state during World War II to supply the Pacific and Atlantic ocean fleetsships could utilize the Panama Canal to travel from one ocean to the other. The Kaiser shipyards in Richmond and Los Angeles built the most commerce ships in the United States. In the San Francisco Bay, the Mare Island Naval Shipyard (now closed) produced submarines and repaired many of the ships utilized by the US Navy Pacific Fleet during WWII. California’s rapidly increasing aircraft industry has been considerably expanded. Since then, these defense-related businesses have generally shuttered or relocated to less expensive parts of the country.
With the introduction of the Kinetoscope (early movie camera) by Thomas Edison in 1894, California would become a pioneer in the sound picture movie industry when “talkies” were introduced. Although the concept of merging motion images with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, synchronized dialogue was only made possible in the late 1920s thanks to the development of the Audion amplifier tube and the advent of the Vitaphone system. “Talkies” became increasingly popular after the release of The Jazz Singer in 1927. Silent film production had halted in the United States within a decade. In the early twentieth century, the booming film business began relocating to Southern California due to low land costs, a pleasant year-round environment, and wide open expanses. The early twentieth-century cinema patent conflicts resulted in the proliferation of film firms across the United States. Many used technology for which they did not have patent rights, making filming in New York “hazardous” because it was too close to Edison’s company headquarters and his agents, who were dispatched to seize “illegal” cameras. Because of the region’s good year-round weather and the fast rising availability of “talent” both before and behind the cameras, most major film studios had established movie production facilities in Southern California near or in Los Angeles by 1912. California has been a major U.S. center for motion pictures, television shows, cartoons, and associated entertainment industries since the 1920s, particularly in the Hollywood and Burbank districts.
Electronics, computers, machinery, transportation equipment, and metal items have all seen remarkable growth since 1945, whereas aircraft and navy manufacture have practically ended. Stanford University, its affiliates, and its graduates were instrumental in the growth of California’s electronics and high-tech industries. Stanford University’s leaders regarded their role as guiding the development of the West beginning in the 1890s, and they shaped the school accordingly. For the first fifty years of Silicon Valley’s existence, regionalism helped align Stanford’s objectives with those of the area’s high-tech enterprises. Frederick Terman, as Stanford’s dean of engineering and provost in the 1940s and 1950s, encouraged academics and alumni to create their own businesses. He is credited for helping to establish Hewlett-Packard, Varian Associates, and other high-tech companies such as Apple Inc., Google, and others in the Silicon Valley that grew up around the Stanford campus. Despite the growth of other high-tech economic centers in the United States and around the world, Silicon Valley remains a prominent hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third of all venture capital investment in the country. Silicon Valley comprises the entire Santa Clara Valley, the southern Peninsula, and the southern East Bay from a geographical standpoint. Southern California is also home to a variety of high-tech and modest low-tech, typically low-wage, businesses.
Tourism contributes significantly to California’s economy. Yosemite National Park was founded in 1890, and it was soon followed by nine additional national parks, seashores, and other protected places around California. Every year, millions of people visit Disneyland, which opened in 1955, and other theme parks.
During the mid-twentieth century, California also pioneered various retail innovations, including fast food outlets and credit cards.
California is home to national fast food franchises such as A&W Restaurants (1919), McDonald’s (1940), Taco Bell (1961), and Panda Express (1983).
Visa Inc. (formerly BankAmericard) was founded in 1958 as a result of a Bank of America experiment in Fresno, whereas MasterCard (formerly Master Charge) was founded in 1966 by a collection of California banks to compete with BankAmericard.
As of 2017, if the state were treated individually, it would be the world’s fifth largest economy, behind the United States, China, Japan, and Germany. The country recently passed the United Kingdom to claim fifth place. California’s GDP was $2.751 trillion in the third quarter of 2017, according to the US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
What will the state of the US economy be in 2021?
While GDP fell by 3.4 percent in 2020, it increased by 5.7 percent in 2021, the fastest pace of growth since 1984. With a total GDP of $23 trillion, the United States remains the world’s richest country. In addition, average hourly wages have risen 10% from $28.56 in February 2020 to $31.40 in December 2021.