When you buy a government bond, you are essentially lending the government money for a set length of time. In exchange, the government would pay you a specified amount of interest, known as the coupon, at regular intervals. Bonds are classified as a fixed-income asset as a result of this.
Your original investment amount known as the principal will be refunded to you once the bond has expired. The maturity date is the day on which you get the principal. Varying bonds have different maturity dates – you may buy one that is due to mature in less than a year or one that is due to mature in 30 years or more.
Key bond terms to remember
- Maturity: A bond’s time to maturity is the amount of time it has until it expires and pays its final payment – in other words, its active lifespan.
- The principal amount sometimes known as the ‘face value’ of a bond is the total amount it pledges to pay the bondholder, excluding coupons. When the bond matures or expires, this is usually paid as a lump payment.
- Bond issue price: a bond’s issue price should, in theory, be equal to the bond’s face value, which is the whole amount of the loan. However, the price of a bond in the secondary market after it has been issued can vary significantly depending on a number of factors.
- Dates on which the bond issuer is obligated to pay the coupon: coupon dates are the dates on which the bond issuer is required to pay the coupon. These will be specified in the bond, however coupons are typically paid annually, semi-annually, quarterly, or monthly.
- The value of a bond’s coupon payments stated as a percentage of the bond’s principal amount is known as the coupon rate. For example, if a bond’s principle (or face value) is £1000 and it pays a £50 annual coupon, the bond’s coupon rate is 5% per year. Because coupon rates are usually annualized, two payments of £25 will likewise yield a 5% coupon rate.
Government bond example
For example, suppose you put £10,000 into a 10-year government bond with a 5% yearly coupon. The government would pay you 5% of your £10,000 in interest each year (i.e. £500), and at the maturity date, they would return your original £10,000 to you.
Government bonds, like stocks, can be held as an investment or sold on the open market to other investors.
Consider the following scenario: your 10-year bond is halfway to maturity, and you’ve discovered a better investment elsewhere. You wish to sell your bond to another investor, but your 5% coupon is no longer appealing because new investment alternatives have appeared. To make up the difference, you may sell your bond for less than the £10,000 you put in for example, £9500.
The same £500 coupon would be given to an investor who purchased the bond. However, because they paid less for the same return, their yield would be larger. Their current yield would be 5.56 percent in this situation.
Are bonds a smart investment in the United Kingdom?
Government bonds are usually rated AAA or AA because they are believed to be of higher quality and safer than business bonds. The UK government, for example, is extremely unlikely to ever refuse to pay bondholders.
Bonds with a BBB or above rating are called investment grade. Bonds with a lower grade are referred to be high yield. Always keep in mind that some businesses and even governments in more turbulent countries may be unable to repay you.
How much do bonds pay in the United Kingdom?
The average yearly return on long-term government bonds, according to studies, is roughly 6%. This is in compared to the stock market, which has a slightly greater average return of 10%.
Bonds can cause you to lose money.
If the unpredictability of the stock market doesn’t appeal to you, bonds are a terrific alternative because you’ll know what your return will be from the outset. You might also look into the secondary market and buy bonds that others are selling, which could result in a good deal. You won’t make as much money as you could if new bonds with higher interest rates are released, but you won’t lose much either.
Investors that are willing to take on extra risk can consider callable bonds or ILBs. These options are still low-risk compared to individual equities, but they have the potential to yield higher profits on your investment. Bonds are a good choice if you don’t need immediate profits and prefer stability and security over unlimited growth possibilities.
Are UK bonds safe?
Savings bonds are safe because they are covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which has a cover maximum of £85,000 per authorised firm (£170,000 for joint accounts). If you have more than the maximum, it’s a good idea to transfer the excess to a separate, secure account.
Is bond investing a wise idea in 2021?
Because the Federal Reserve reduced interest rates in reaction to the 2020 economic crisis and the following recession, bond interest rates were extremely low in 2021. If investors expect interest rates will climb in the next several years, they may choose to invest in bonds with short maturities.
A two-year Treasury bill, for example, pays a set interest rate and returns the principle invested in two years. If interest rates rise in 2023, the investor could reinvest the principle in a higher-rate bond at that time. If the same investor bought a 10-year Treasury note in 2021 and interest rates rose in the following years, the investor would miss out on the higher interest rates since they would be trapped with the lower-rate Treasury note. Investors can always sell a Treasury bond before it matures; however, there may be a gain or loss, meaning you may not receive your entire initial investment back.
Also, think about your risk tolerance. Investors frequently purchase Treasury bonds, notes, and shorter-term Treasury bills for their safety. If you believe that the broader markets are too hazardous and that your goal is to safeguard your wealth, despite the current low interest rates, you can choose a Treasury security. Treasury yields have been declining for several months, as shown in the graph below.
Bond investments, despite their low returns, can provide stability in the face of a turbulent equity portfolio. Whether or not you should buy a Treasury security is primarily determined by your risk appetite, time horizon, and financial objectives. When deciding whether to buy a bond or other investments, please seek the advice of a financial counselor or financial planner.
How can I purchase UK government bonds starting in 2021?
Investing may be a risky business, and how you choose to invest will be determined by your risk appetite. Government bonds are generally thought to be a safer investment than stock market or business bond investments. UK government bonds, often known as gilts, can be purchased through UK stockbrokers, fund supermarkets, or the government’s Debt Management Office. Bonds are fixed-interest instruments designed to pay a consistent income that governments sell to raise funds.
How do I purchase gilts in the United Kingdom?
In general, buying gilts directly rather than through a fund is preferable. Not only will you avoid paying a management charge (fund managers like to grab their cut before putting your money to work), but you will also escape paying capital gains tax if you hold actual gilts.
The government occasionally issues fresh gilt ‘issues,’ which are frequently offered directly to the public at a predetermined price, by tender, or at auction. The government’s Debt Management Office maintains a webpage where you may learn about upcoming difficulties (DMO). The benefit of purchasing new gilts is that you avoid paying a trading commission, which you would have to pay if you purchased’second-hand’ gilts (from other people), lowering your expenditures.
- Computershare Investor Services, an outsourced agent of the government’s Debt Management Office, requires you to apply and register.
- Before you can start buying government gilts, you must first be admitted into the Approved Group of Investors. (This is done to prevent money laundering by verifying things like your basic identification and your sources of funding.)
You can buy gilts through most stockbrokers in the same way that you can buy stocks. When utilizing this approach, you normally don’t need to join the Approved Group of Investors, albeit the stockbroker will conduct their own checks. If you acquire and manage gilts through a stockbroker or an investment fund, the expenses for buying and managing them may eat into your returns.
You used to be able to buy gilts at the Post Office or directly from the Bank of England, but that is no longer the case, which is a shame because buying through the Post Office sounds like a lovely, simple way to do it.
We recommend that you open an online stockbroking account an execution-only service in the same way that you would for stock purchases. It’s completely free to register, and you’re under no need to buy anything once you’ve done so. You can sign up right now and wait months before investing. However, once you start trading, buying and selling gilts will be quite inexpensive, and you’ll have constant access to your funds.
Because there are so many online stockbroking accounts to choose from, we recommend taking your time to pick one that is right for you.
Some, such as eToro, will not charge you any commissions or transfer fees for your buy/sell transactions. However, they may not offer the most diverse or greatest investment options for you, or they may charge additional costs that eat into your gains.
Alternative online brokerage accounts, such as Hargreaves Lansdown, will charge fees, but they also have other options for you to choose, such as managed funds.
You’re ready to proceed once you’ve set up your account and passed any identity checks. A money transfer can be used to credit your account and then used to invest in gilts.
An Exchange Tracker Fund can also be used to invest in gilts (ETF). For additional information, see our guide to gilt funds.
*This is not investment or financial advice. Remember to conduct your own research and consult with a professional advisor before making any financial decisions.
Why are government bonds in the United Kingdom referred to as gilts?
The earliest certificates issued by the British government had gilded edges, thus the name gilts. Gilts are government bonds, thus interest rate fluctuations have a big impact on them. Because of their low or negative correlation with stock markets, they can provide diversification benefits.